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- *digraph.txt* For Vim version 6.0. Last change: 2001 Sep 03
-
-
- VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
-
-
- Digraphs *digraphs* *Digraphs*
-
- Digraphs are used to enter characters that normally cannot be entered by
- an ordinary keyboard. These are mostly accented characters which have the
- eighth bit set. The digraphs are easier to remember than the decimal number
- that can be entered with CTRL-V (see |i_CTRL-V|).
-
- There is a brief introduction on digraphs in the user manual: |24.9|
- An alternative is using the 'keymap' option.
-
- 1. Defining digraphs |digraphs-define|
- 2. Using digraphs |digraphs-use|
- 3. Default digraphs |digraphs-default|
-
- {Vi does not have any of these commands}
-
- ==============================================================================
- 1. Defining digraphs *digraphs-define*
-
- *:dig* *:digraphs*
- :dig[raphs] show currently defined digraphs.
- *E104* *E39*
- :dig[raphs] {char1}{char2} {number} ...
- Add digraph {char1}{char2} to the list. {number} is
- the decimal representation of the character.
- Example: >
- :digr e: 235 a: 228
- < Avoid defining a digraph with '_' (underscore) as the
- first character, it has a special meaning in the
- future.
-
- Vim is normally compiled with the |+digraphs| feature. If the feature is
- disabled, the ":digraph" command will display an error message.
-
- Example of the output of ":digraphs": >
- TH Þ 222 ss ß 223 a! à 224 a' á 225 a> â 226 a? ã 227 a: ä 228
-
- The first two characters in each column are the characters you have to type to
- enter the digraph.
-
- In the middle of each column is the resulting character. This may be mangled
- if you look at it on a system that does not support digraphs or if you print
- this file.
-
- The decimal number is the number of the character.
-
- ==============================================================================
- 2. Using digraphs *digraphs-use*
-
- There are two methods to enter digraphs: *i_digraph*
- CTRL-K {char1} {char2} or
- {char1} <BS> {char2}
- The first is always available; the second only when the 'digraph' option is
- set.
-
- If a digraph with {char1}{char2} does not exist, Vim searches for a digraph
- {char2}{char1}. This helps when you don't remember which character comes
- first.
-
- Note that when you enter CTRL-K {char1}, where {char1} is a special key, Vim
- enters the code for that special key. This is not a digraph.
-
- Once you have entered the digraph, Vim treats the character like a normal
- character that occupies only one character in the file and on the screen.
- Example: >
- 'B' <BS> 'B' will enter the broken '|' character (166)
- 'a' <BS> '>' will enter an 'a' with a circumflex (226)
- CTRL-K '-' '-' will enter a soft hyphen (173)
-
- The current digraphs are listed with the ":digraphs" command. Some of the
- default ones are listed below |digraph-table|.
-
- For CTRL-K, there is one general digraph: CTRL-K <Space> {char} will enter
- {char} with the highest bit set. You can use this to enter meta-characters.
-
- The <Esc> character cannot be part of a digraph. When hitting <Esc>, Vim
- stops digraph entry and ends Insert mode or Command-line mode, just like
- hitting an <Esc> out of digraph context. Use CTRL-V 155 to enter meta-ESC
- (CSI).
-
- If you accidentally typed an 'a' that should be an 'e', you will type 'a' <BS>
- 'e'. But that is a digraph, so you will not get what you want. To correct
- this, you will have to type <BS> e again. To avoid this don't set the
- 'digraph' option and use CTRL-K to enter digraphs.
-
- You may have problems using Vim with characters which have an ASCII value
- above 128. For example: You insert ue (u-umlaut) and the editor echoes \334
- in Insert mode. After leaving the Insert mode everything is fine. Note that
- fmt removes all characters with ASCII codes above 128 from the text being
- formatted. On some Unix systems this means you have to define the
- environment-variable LC_CTYPE. If you are using csh, then put the following
- line in your .cshrc: >
- setenv LC_CTYPE iso_8859_1
-
- ==============================================================================
- 3. Default digraphs *digraphs-default*
-
- Vim comes with a set of default digraphs. Check the output of ":digraphs" to
- see them.
-
- On most systems Vim uses the same digraphs. They work for the Unicode and
- ISO-8859-1 character sets. These default digraphs are taken from the RFC1345
- mnemonics. To make it easy to remember the mnemonic, the second character has
- a standard meaning:
-
- char name char meaning ~
- Exclamation mark ! Grave
- Apostrophe ' Acute accent
- Greater-Than sign > Circumflex accent
- Question Mark ? tilde
- Hyphen-Minus - Macron
- Left parenthesis ( Breve
- Full Stop . Dot Above
- Colon : Diaeresis
- Comma , Cedilla
- Underline _ Underline
- Solidus / Stroke
- Quotation mark " Double acute accent
- Semicolon ; Ogonek
- Less-Than sign < Caron
- Zero 0 Ring above
- Two 2 Hook
- Nine 9 Horn
-
- Equals = Cyrillic
- Asterisk * Greek
- Percent sign % Greek/Cyrillic special
- Plus + smalls: Arabic, capitals: Hebrew
- Three 3 some Latin/Greek/Cyrillic letters
- Four 4 Bopomofo
- Five 5 Hiragana
- Six 6 Katakana
-
- Example: a: is ä and o: is ö
-
- These are the RFC1345 digraphs for the one-byte characters. See the output of
- ":digraphs" for the others. The characters above 255 are only available when
- Vim was compiled with the |+multi_byte| feature.
- *digraph-table*
- char digraph hex dec official name ~
- ^@ NU 0x00 0 NULL (NUL)
- ^A SH 0x01 1 START OF HEADING (SOH)
- ^B SX 0x02 2 START OF TEXT (STX)
- ^C EX 0x03 3 END OF TEXT (ETX)
- ^D ET 0x04 4 END OF TRANSMISSION (EOT)
- ^E EQ 0x05 5 ENQUIRY (ENQ)
- ^F AK 0x06 6 ACKNOWLEDGE (ACK)
- ^G BL 0x07 7 BELL (BEL)
- ^H BS 0x08 8 BACKSPACE (BS)
- ^I HT 0x09 9 CHARACTER TABULATION (HT)
- ^@ LF 0x0a 10 LINE FEED (LF)
- ^K VT 0x0b 11 LINE TABULATION (VT)
- ^L FF 0x0c 12 FORM FEED (FF)
- ^M CR 0x0d 13 CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)
- ^N SO 0x0e 14 SHIFT OUT (SO)
- ^O SI 0x0f 15 SHIFT IN (SI)
- ^P DL 0x10 16 DATALINK ESCAPE (DLE)
- ^Q D1 0x11 17 DEVICE CONTROL ONE (DC1)
- ^R D2 0x12 18 DEVICE CONTROL TWO (DC2)
- ^S D3 0x13 19 DEVICE CONTROL THREE (DC3)
- ^T D4 0x14 20 DEVICE CONTROL FOUR (DC4)
- ^U NK 0x15 21 NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE (NAK)
- ^V SY 0x16 22 SYNCRONOUS IDLE (SYN)
- ^W EB 0x17 23 END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK (ETB)
- ^X CN 0x18 24 CANCEL (CAN)
- ^Y EM 0x19 25 END OF MEDIUM (EM)
- ^Z SB 0x1a 26 SUBSTITUTE (SUB)
- ^[ EC 0x1b 27 ESCAPE (ESC)
- ^\ FS 0x1c 28 FILE SEPARATOR (IS4)
- ^] GS 0x1d 29 GROUP SEPARATOR (IS3)
- ^^ RS 0x1e 30 RECORD SEPARATOR (IS2)
- ^_ US 0x1f 31 UNIT SEPARATOR (IS1)
- SP 0x20 32 SPACE
- # Nb 0x23 35 NUMBER SIGN
- $ DO 0x24 36 DOLLAR SIGN
- @ At 0x40 64 COMMERCIAL AT
- [ <( 0x5b 91 LEFT SQUARE BRACKET
- \ // 0x5c 92 REVERSE SOLIDUS
- ] )> 0x5d 93 RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET
- ^ '> 0x5e 94 CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
- ` '! 0x60 96 GRAVE ACCENT
- { (! 0x7b 123 LEFT CURLY BRACKET
- | !! 0x7c 124 VERTICAL LINE
- } !) 0x7d 125 RIGHT CURLY BRACKET
- ~ '? 0x7e 126 TILDE
- ^? DT 0x7f 127 DELETE (DEL)
- ~@ PA 0x80 128 PADDING CHARACTER (PAD)
- ~A HO 0x81 129 HIGH OCTET PRESET (HOP)
- ~B BH 0x82 130 BREAK PERMITTED HERE (BPH)
- ~C NH 0x83 131 NO BREAK HERE (NBH)
- ~D IN 0x84 132 INDEX (IND)
- ~E NL 0x85 133 NEXT LINE (NEL)
- ~F SA 0x86 134 START OF SELECTED AREA (SSA)
- ~G ES 0x87 135 END OF SELECTED AREA (ESA)
- ~H HS 0x88 136 CHARACTER TABULATION SET (HTS)
- ~I HJ 0x89 137 CHARACTER TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION (HTJ)
- ~J VS 0x8a 138 LINE TABULATION SET (VTS)
- ~K PD 0x8b 139 PARTIAL LINE FORWARD (PLD)
- ~L PU 0x8c 140 PARTIAL LINE BACKWARD (PLU)
- ~M RI 0x8d 141 REVERSE LINE FEED (RI)
- ~N S2 0x8e 142 SINGLE-SHIFT TWO (SS2)
- ~O S3 0x8f 143 SINGLE-SHIFT THREE (SS3)
- ~P DC 0x90 144 DEVICE CONTROL STRING (DCS)
- ~Q P1 0x91 145 PRIVATE USE ONE (PU1)
- ~R P2 0x92 146 PRIVATE USE TWO (PU2)
- ~S TS 0x93 147 SET TRANSMIT STATE (STS)
- ~T CC 0x94 148 CANCEL CHARACTER (CCH)
- ~U MW 0x95 149 MESSAGE WAITING (MW)
- ~V SG 0x96 150 START OF GUARDED AREA (SPA)
- ~W EG 0x97 151 END OF GUARDED AREA (EPA)
- ~X SS 0x98 152 START OF STRING (SOS)
- ~Y GC 0x99 153 SINGLE GRAPHIC CHARACTER INTRODUCER (SGCI)
- ~Z SC 0x9a 154 SINGLE CHARACTER INTRODUCER (SCI)
- ~[ CI 0x9b 155 CONTROL SEQUENCE INTRODUCER (CSI)
- ~\ ST 0x9c 156 STRING TERMINATOR (ST)
- ~] OC 0x9d 157 OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND (OSC)
- ~^ PM 0x9e 158 PRIVACY MESSAGE (PM)
- ~_ AC 0x9f 159 APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND (APC)
- | NS 0xa0 160 NO-BREAK SPACE
- ¡ !I 0xa1 161 INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK
- ¢ Ct 0xa2 162 CENT SIGN
- £ Pd 0xa3 163 POUND SIGN
- ¤ Cu 0xa4 164 CURRENCY SIGN
- ¥ Ye 0xa5 165 YEN SIGN
- ¦ BB 0xa6 166 BROKEN BAR
- § SE 0xa7 167 SECTION SIGN
- ¨ ': 0xa8 168 DIAERESIS
- © Co 0xa9 169 COPYRIGHT SIGN
- ª -a 0xaa 170 FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR
- « << 0xab 171 LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
- ¬ NO 0xac 172 NOT SIGN
- -- 0xad 173 SOFT HYPHEN
- ® Rg 0xae 174 REGISTERED SIGN
- ¯ 'm 0xaf 175 MACRON
- ° DG 0xb0 176 DEGREE SIGN
- ± +- 0xb1 177 PLUS-MINUS SIGN
- ² 2S 0xb2 178 SUPERSCRIPT TWO
- ³ 3S 0xb3 179 SUPERSCRIPT THREE
- ´ '' 0xb4 180 ACUTE ACCENT
- µ My 0xb5 181 MICRO SIGN
- ¶ PI 0xb6 182 PILCROW SIGN
- · .M 0xb7 183 MIDDLE DOT
- ¸ ', 0xb8 184 CEDILLA
- ¹ 1S 0xb9 185 SUPERSCRIPT ONE
- º -o 0xba 186 MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR
- » >> 0xbb 187 RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
- ¼ 14 0xbc 188 VULGAR FRACTION ONE QUARTER
- ½ 12 0xbd 189 VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF
- ¾ 34 0xbe 190 VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS
- ¿ ?I 0xbf 191 INVERTED QUESTION MARK
- À A! 0xc0 192 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE
- Á A' 0xc1 193 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE
- Â A> 0xc2 194 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX
- Ã A? 0xc3 195 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE
- Ä A: 0xc4 196 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS
- Å AA 0xc5 197 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE
- Æ AE 0xc6 198 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE
- Ç C, 0xc7 199 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA
- È E! 0xc8 200 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE
- É E' 0xc9 201 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE
- Ê E> 0xca 202 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX
- Ë E: 0xcb 203 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS
- Ì I! 0xcc 204 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE
- Í I' 0xcd 205 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE
- Î I> 0xce 206 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX
- Ï I: 0xcf 207 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS
- Ð D- 0xd0 208 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH (Icelandic)
- Ñ N? 0xd1 209 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE
- Ò O! 0xd2 210 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE
- Ó O' 0xd3 211 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE
- Ô O> 0xd4 212 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX
- Õ O? 0xd5 213 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE
- Ö O: 0xd6 214 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS
- × *X 0xd7 215 MULTIPLICATION SIGN
- Ø O/ 0xd8 216 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE
- Ù U! 0xd9 217 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE
- Ú U' 0xda 218 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE
- Û U> 0xdb 219 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX
- Ü U: 0xdc 220 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS
- Ý Y' 0xdd 221 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE
- Þ TH 0xde 222 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN (Icelandic)
- ß ss 0xdf 223 LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S (German)
- à a! 0xe0 224 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE
- á a' 0xe1 225 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE
- â a> 0xe2 226 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX
- ã a? 0xe3 227 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE
- ä a: 0xe4 228 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS
- å aa 0xe5 229 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE
- æ ae 0xe6 230 LATIN SMALL LETTER AE
- ç c, 0xe7 231 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA
- è e! 0xe8 232 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE
- é e' 0xe9 233 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE
- ê e> 0xea 234 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX
- ë e: 0xeb 235 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS
- ì i! 0xec 236 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE
- í i' 0xed 237 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE
- î i> 0xee 238 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX
- ï i: 0xef 239 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS
- ð d- 0xf0 240 LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH (Icelandic)
- ñ n? 0xf1 241 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE
- ò o! 0xf2 242 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE
- ó o' 0xf3 243 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE
- ô o> 0xf4 244 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX
- õ o? 0xf5 245 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE
- ö o: 0xf6 246 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS
- ÷ -: 0xf7 247 DIVISION SIGN
- ø o/ 0xf8 248 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE
- ù u! 0xf9 249 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE
- ú u' 0xfa 250 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE
- û u> 0xfb 251 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX
- ü u: 0xfc 252 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS
- ý y' 0xfd 253 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE
- þ th 0xfe 254 LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN (Icelandic)
- ÿ y: 0xff 255 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS
-
- vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
-